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Messages - Dazoctaron
1
« on: January 31, 2025, 03:34:33 pm »
One of the law changes that I have been advocating for over the last 8-10 years is
stopping the clock when the ball is not in play.
This would instantly negate most time-wasting, remove the need for added time and probably lead
to the ball being in play a lot more than it is at the moment.
Currently in the English Premier League the average amount of time that the ball is in play
is 58 minutes and 37 seconds which has increased by about 3 minutes from the previous season.
So even if the halves were reduced to 35 minutes and the clock stopped when the ball is NOT in play
it would increase the amout of time the ball is in play by about 10-12 minutes!
2
« on: January 31, 2025, 03:14:55 pm »
THE FIELD of PLAY
1. Field surface
The field of play must be a wholly natural or, if competition rules permit, a wholly artificial playing surface except
where competition rules permit an integrated combination of artificial and natural materials (hybrid system).
The colour of artificial surfaces must be green.
Where artificial surfaces are used in competition matches between representative teams of national football associations affiliated
to FIFA or international club competition matches, the surface must meet the requirements of the FIFA Quality
Programme for Football Turf or the International Match Standard, unless special dispensation is given by The IFAB.
2. Field markings
The field of play must be rectangular and marked with continuous lines which must not be dangerous;
artificial playing surface material may be used for the field markings on natural fields if it is not dangerous.
These lines belong to the areas of which they are boundaries.
Only the lines indicated in Law 1 are to be marked on the field of play.
Where artificial surfaces are used, other lines are permitted provided they are a different colour and clearly distinguishable from the football lines.
The two longer boundary lines are touchlines. The two shorter lines are goal lines.
The field of play is divided into two halves by a halfway line, which joins the midpoint of the two touchlines.
The centre mark is at the midpoint of the halfway line. A circle with a radius of 9.15m (10yds) is marked around it.
3
« on: January 31, 2025, 03:12:23 pm »
THE BALL
1. Qualities and Measurements
All balls must be:
spherical
made of suitable material
of a circumference of between 68 cm (27 ins) and 70 cm (28 ins)
between 410 g (14 oz) and 450 g (16 oz) in weight at the start of the match
of a pressure equal to 0.6 – 1.1 atmosphere (600 – 1,100g/cm2) at sea level (8.5 lbs/sq in – 15.6 lbs/sq in)
All balls used in matches played in an official competition organised under the auspices of FIFA or confederations
must meet the requirements and bear one of the marks of the FIFA Quality Programme for Footballs.
Each mark indicates that it has been officially tested and meets the specific technical requirements for that mark
which are additional to the minimum specifications stipulated in Law 2 and must be approved by The IFAB.
National FA competitions may require the use of balls bearing one of these marks.
In matches played in an official competition organised under the auspices of FIFA, confederations or national football associations,
no form of commercial advertising is permitted on the ball, except for the logo/emblem of the competition,
the competition organiser and the authorised manufacturer’s trademark.
The competition regulations may restrict the size and number of such markings.
2. Replacement of a defective ball
If the ball becomes defective:
play is stopped and
restarted with a dropped ball
If the ball becomes defective at a kick-off, goal kick, corner kick, free kick, penalty kick or throw-in, the restart is re-taken.
If the ball becomes defective during a penalty kick or penalties (penalty shoot-out) as it moves forward and
before it touches a player, crossbar or goalposts the penalty kick is retaken.
The ball may not be changed during the match without the referee’s permission.
3. Additional Balls
Additional balls which meet the requirements of Law 2 may be placed around the field of play and their use is under the referee’s control
4
« on: January 31, 2025, 03:09:05 pm »
THE PLAYERS
1. Number of Players
A match is played by two teams, each with a maximum of eleven players; one must be the goalkeeper.
A match may not start or continue if either team has fewer than seven players.
If a team has fewer than seven players because one or more players has deliberately left the field of play,
the referee is not obliged to stop play and the advantage may be played,
but the match must not resume after the ball has gone out of play if a team does not have the minimum number of seven players.
If the competition rules state that all players and substitutes must be named before kick-off
and a team starts a match with fewer than eleven players,
only the players and substitutes named in the starting line-up may take part in the match upon their arrival.
2. Number of substitutions
OFFICIAL COMPETITIONS
The number of substitutes, up to a maximum of five, which may be used in any match played in an official competition
will be determined by FIFA, the confederation or the national football association.
For men's and women's competitions involving the 1st teams of clubs in the top division or senior ‘A’ international
teams where competition rules permit a maximum of five substitutes to be used, each team:
has a maximum of three substitution opportunities*
may additionally make substitutions at half-time
*Where both teams make a substitution at the same time, this will count as a used substitution opportunity for both teams.
Multiple substitutions (and requests) by a team during the same stoppage in play count as one used substitution opportunity.
EXTRA TIME
If a team has not used the maximum number of substitutes and/or substitution opportunities,
any unused substitutes and substitution opportunities may be used in extra time
Where competition rules permit teams to use one additional substitute in extra time, each team will have one additional substitution opportunity
Substitutions may also be made in the period between full-time and the start of extra time,
and at half-time in extra time – these do not count as used substitution opportunities
The competition rules must state:
how many substitutes may be named, from three to a maximum of fifteen
whether one additional substitute may be used when a match goes into extra time
(whether or not the team has already used the full number of permitted substitutes)
OTHER MATCHES
In senior 'A' international team matches, a maximum of fifteen substitutes may be named of
which a maximum of six may be used.
In all other matches, a greater number of substitutes may be used provided that:
the teams reach agreement on a maximum number
the referee is informed before the match
If the referee is not informed, or if no agreement is reached before the match, each team is allowed a maximum of six substitutes.
RETURN SUBSTITUTIONS
The use of return substitutions is only permitted in youth, veterans, disability and grassroots football,
subject to the agreement of the national football association, confederation or FIFA.
ADDITIONAL PERMANENT CONCUSSION SUBSTITUTIONS
Competitions may use additional permanent concussion substitutions in accordance with the protocol listed under ‘Notes and modifications’.
3. Substitution procedure
The names of the substitutes must be given to the referee before the start of the match.
Any substitute not named by this time may not take part in the match.
To replace a player with a substitute, the following must be observed:
the referee must be informed before any substitution is made
the player being substituted
receives the referee’s permission to leave the field of play, unless already off the field, and must leave by the nearest point
on the boundary line unless the referee indicates that the player may leave directly and immediately at the
halfway line or another point (e.g. for safety/security or injury)
must go immediately to the technical area or dressing room and takes no further part in the match,
except where return substitutions are permitted
if a player who is to be substituted refuses to leave, play continues
The substitute only enters:
during a stoppage in play
at the halfway line
after the player being replaced has left
after receiving a signal from the referee
The substitution is completed when a substitute enters the field of play;
from that moment, the replaced player becomes a substituted player and the substitute becomes a player and can take any restart.
All substituted players and substitutes are subject to the referee’s authority whether they play or not.
4. Changing the goalkeeper
Any of the players may change places with the goalkeeper if:
the referee is informed before the change is made
the change is made during a stoppage in play
5. Offences and sanctions
If a named substitute starts a match instead of a named player and the referee is not informed of this change:
the referee allows the named substitute to continue playing
no disciplinary sanction is taken against the named substitute
the named player can become a named substitute
the number of substitutions is not reduced
the referee reports the incident to the appropriate authorities
If a substitution is made during the half-time interval or before extra time,
the procedure must be completed before the match restarts.
If the referee is not informed, the named substitute may continue to play,
no disciplinary action is taken and the matter is reported to the appropriate authorities.
If a player changes places with the goalkeeper without the referee’s permission, the referee:
allows play to continue
cautions both players when the ball is next out of play but not if the change occurred during half-time
(including half time of extra time) or the period between the end of the match and the
start of extra time and/or penalties (penalty shoot-out).
For any other offences:
the players are cautioned
play is restarted with an indirect free kick, from the position of the ball when play was stopped
6. Players and substitutes sent off
A player who is sent off:
before submission of the team list can not be named on the team list in any capacity
after being named on the team list and before kick-off may be replaced by a named substitute,
who can not be replaced; the number of substitutions the team can make is not reduced
after the kick-off cannot be replaced
A named substitute who is sent off before or after the kick-off may not be replaced.
7. Extra persons on the field of play
The coach and other officials named on the team list (with the exception of players or substitutes) are team officials. Anyone not named on the team list as a player, substitute or team official is an outside agent.
If a team official, substitute, substituted or sent-off player or outside agent enters the field of play the referee must:
only stop play if there is interference with play
have the person removed when play stops
take appropriate disciplinary action
If play is stopped and the interference was by:
a team official, substitute, substituted or sent-off player, play restarts with a direct free kick or penalty kick
an outside agent, play restarts with a dropped ball
If a ball is going into the goal and the interference does not prevent a defending player playing the ball,
the goal is awarded if the ball enters the goal (even if contact was made with the ball) unless
the interference was by the attacking team.
8. Player outside the field of play
If a player who requires the referee's permission to re-enter the field of play re-enters without the referee's permission, the referee must:
stop play (not immediately if the player does not interfere with play or a match official or if the advantage can be applied)
caution the player for entering the field of play without permission
If the referee stops play, it must be restarted:
with a direct free kick from the position of the interference
with an indirect free kick from the position of the ball when play was stopped if there was no interference
A player who crosses a boundary line as part of a playing movement, does not commit an offence.
9. Goal scored with an extra person on the field of play
If, after a goal is scored, the referee realises, before play restarts, an extra person was on the field of play
when the goal was scored, and that person interfered with play:
the referee must disallow the goal if the extra person was:
a player, substitute, substituted player, sent-off player or team official of the team that scored the goal;
play is restarted with a direct free kick from the position of the extra person
an outside agent who interfered with play unless a goal results as outlined above in ‘extra persons on the field of play’;
play is restarted with a dropped ball
the referee must allow the goal if the extra person was:
a player, substitute, substituted player, sent-off player or team official of the team that conceded the goal
an outside agent who did not interfere with play
In all cases, the referee must have the extra person removed from the field of play.
If, after a goal is scored and play has restarted, the referee realises an extra person was on the field
of play when the goal was scored, the goal can not be disallowed.
If the extra person is still on the field the referee must:
stop play
have the extra person removed
restart with a dropped ball or free kick as appropriate
The referee must report the incident to the appropriate authorities.
10. Team Captain
Each team must have a captain on the field of play who wears an identifying armband.
The team captain has no special status or privileges but has a degree of responsibility for the behaviour of the team.
5
« on: January 31, 2025, 12:39:43 am »
THE PLAYERS EQUIPMENT
1. Safety
A player must not use equipment or wear anything that is dangerous.
All items of jewellery (necklaces, rings, bracelets, earrings, leather bands, rubber bands, etc.)
are forbidden and must be removed. Using tape to cover jewellery is not permitted.
The players must be inspected before the start of the match and substitutes before they enter the field of play.
If a player is wearing or using unauthorised/dangerous equipment or jewellery the referee must order the player to:
remove the item
leave the field of play at the next stoppage if the player is unable or unwilling to comply
A player who refuses to comply or wears the item again must be cautioned.
2. Compulsory equipment
The compulsory equipment of a player comprises the following separate items:
a shirt with sleeves
shorts
socks – tape or any material applied or worn externally must be the same colour as that part of the sock it is applied to or covers
shinguards – these must be made of a suitable material and be of an appropriate size to provide reasonable
protection and be covered by the socks. Players are responsible for the size and suitability of their shinguards
footwear
The team captain must wear the armband issued or authorised by the relevant competition organiser, or a
single-coloured armband that may also have the word ‘captain’ or the letter ‘C’ or a translation thereof,
which should also be a single colour (see also ‘General modifications’).
A player whose footwear or shinguard is lost accidentally must replace it as soon as possible and no later than when the ball next goes out of play;
if before doing so the player plays the ball and/or scores a goal, the goal is awarded.
3. Colours
The two teams must wear colours that distinguish them from each other and the match officials
Each goalkeeper must wear colours that are distinguishable from the other players and the match officials
If the two goalkeepers’ shirts are the same colour and neither has another shirt, the referee allows the match to be played.
Undershirts must be:
a single colour which is the same colour as the main colour of the shirt sleeve; or
a pattern/colours which exactly replicate(s) the shirt sleeve
Undershorts/tights must be the same colour as the main colour of the shorts or the lowest part of the shorts
– players of the same team must wear the same colour.
4. Other equipment
Non-dangerous protective equipment, for example gloves, headgear, facemasks and knee and arm protectors made of soft,
lightweight padded material is permitted as are goalkeepers’ caps and sports spectacles.
Goalkeepers may wear tracksuit bottoms.
Head Covers
Where head covers (excluding goalkeepers' caps) are worn, they must:
be black or the same main colour as the shirt (provided that the players of the same team wear the same colour)
be in keeping with the professional appearance of the player’s equipment
not be attached to the shirt
not be dangerous to the player wearing it or any other player (e.g. opening/closing mechanism around neck)
not have any part(s) extending out from the surface (protruding elements)
Electronic communication
Players (including substitutes/substituted and sent-off players) are not permitted to wear
or use any for of electronic communication equipment (except where EPTS is allowed).
The use of any form of electronic communication by team officials is permitted where it directly relates to player welfare
or safety or for tactical/coaching reasons but only small, mobile, hand-held equipment
(e.g. microphone, headphone, earphone, ear-piece, mobile phone/smartphone, smartwatch, tablet, laptop) may be used.
A team official who uses unauthorised equipment or who behaves in an inappropriate manner as a
result of the use of electronic or communication equipment will be sent off.
Electronic perfomance and tracking systems (EPTS)
Where wearable technology (WT) as part of electronic performance and tracking systems (EPTS) is used in matches
played in an official competition organised under the auspices of FIFA, confederations or national football associations,
the competition organiser must ensure that the technology attached to the players’ equipment is not dangerous
and meets the requirements for wearable EPTS under the FIFA Quality Programme for EPTS.
Where EPTS are provided by the match or competition organiser,
it is the responsibility of that match or competition organiser to ensure that the information and data transmitted
from EPTS to the technical area during matches played in an official competition are reliable and accurate.
The FIFA Quality Programme for EPTS supports competition organisers with the approval process
of reliable and accurate electronic performance and tracking systems.
5. Slogans, statements, images and advertising
Equipment must not have any political, religious or personal slogans, statements or images.
Players must not reveal undergarments that show political, religious, personal slogans,
statements or images, or advertising other than the manufacturer's logo.
For any offence the player and/or the team will be sanctioned by the competition organiser, national football association or by FIFA.
Principles
Law 4 applies to all equipment (including clothing) worn by players, substitutes and substituted players;
it's principles also apply to all team officials in the technical area
The following are (usually) permitted:
the player's number, name, team crest/logo, initiative slogans/emblems promoting the game of football,
respect and integrity as well as any advertising permitted by competition rules or national FA,
confederation or FIFA regulations
the facts of a match: teams, date, competition/event, venue
Permitted slogans, statements or images should be confined to the shirt front and/or armband
In some cases, the slogan, statement or image might only appear on the captain's armband
Interpreting the Law
When interpreting whether a slogan, statement or image is permissible, note should be taken of Law 12 (Fouls and Misconduct),
which requires the referee to take action against a player who is guilty of:
using offensive, insulting or abusive language and/or action(s)
acting in a provocative, derisory or inflammatory way
Any slogan, statement or image which falls into any of these categories is not permitted.
Whilst 'religious' and 'personal' are relatively easily defined, 'political' is less clear but slogans,
statements or images related to the following are not permitted:
any person(s), living or dead (unless part of the official competition name)
any local, regional, national or international political party/organisation/group, etc.
any local, regional or national government or any of its departments, offices or functions
any organisation which is discriminatory
any organisation whose aims/actions are likely to offend a notable number of people
any specific political act/event
When commemorating a significant national or international event, the sensibilities of the opposing team
(including its supporters) and the general public should be carefully considered.
Competition rules may contain further restrictions/limitations, particularly in relation to the size,
number and position of permitted slogans, statements and images.
It is recommended that disputes relating to slogans, statements or images be resolved prior to a match/competition taking place.
6. Offences and sanctions
For any offence play need not be stopped and the player:
is instructed by the referee to leave the field of play to correct the equipment
leaves when play stops, unless the equipment has already been corrected
A player who leaves the field of play to correct or change equipment must:
have the equipment checked by a match official before being allowed to re-enter
only re-enter with the referee’s permission (which may be given during play)
A player who enters without permission must be cautioned and if play is stopped to issue the caution,
an indirect free kick is awarded from the position of the ball when play was stopped,
unless there was interference in which case a direct free kick (or penalty kick) is awarded from the position of the interference.
6
« on: January 31, 2025, 12:26:54 am »
THE REFEREE
1. The authority of the referee
Each match is controlled by a referee who has full authority to enforce the Laws of the Game in connection with the match.
2. Decisions of the referee
Decisions will be made to the best of the referee's ability according to the Laws of the Game and the 'spirit of the game'
and will be based on the opinion of the referee who has the discretion to take appropriate action within the
framework of the Laws of the Game.
The decisions of the referee regarding facts connected with play, including whether or not a goal is scored and the result of the match, are final.
The decisions of the referee, and all other match officials, must always be respected.
The referee may not change a restart decision on realising that it is incorrect or on the advice of another match official if play
has restarted or the referee has signalled the end of the first or second half (including extra time) and left the field of play or abandoned the match.
However, if at the end of the half, the referee leaves the field of play to go to the referee review area (RRA) or to instruct the players to
return to the field of play, this does not prevent a decision being changed for an incident which occurred before the end of the half.
Except as outlined in Law 12.3 and the VAR protocol, a disciplinary sanction may only be issued after play has restarted if
another match official had identified and attempted to communicate the offence to the referee before play restarted;
the restart associated with the sanction does not apply.
If a referee is incapacitated, play may continue under the supervision of the other match officials until the ball is next out of play.
3. Powers and duties
The referee:
enforces the Laws of the Game
controls the match in cooperation with the other match officials
acts as timekeeper, keeps a record of the match and provides the appropriate authorities with a match report,
including information on disciplinary action and any other incidents that occurred before, during or after the match
supervises and/or indicates the restart of play
ADVANTAGE
allows play to continue when an offence occurs and the non-offending team will benefit from the advantage and
penalises the offence if the anticipated advantage does not ensue at that time or within a few seconds
DISCIPLINARY ACTION
punishes the more serious offence, in terms of sanction, restart, physical severity and tactical impact,
when more than one offence occurs at the same time
takes disciplinary action against players guilty of cautionable and sending-off offences
has the authority to take disciplinary action from entering the field of play for the pre-match inspection until leaving
the field of play after the match ends (including penalties (penalty shoot-out)).
If, before entering the field of play at the start of the match, a player commits a sending-off offence,
the referee has the authority to prevent the player taking part in the match (see Law 3.6);
the referee will report any other misconduct
has the power to show yellow or red cards and, where competition rules permit, temporarily dismiss a player,
from entering the field of play at the start of the match until after the match has ended,
including during the half-time interval, extra time and penalties (penalty shoot-out).
takes action against team officials who fail to act in a responsible manner and warns or shows a yellow card for a caution or
a red card for a sending-off from the field of play and its immediate surrounds,
including the technical area; if the offender cannot be identified, the senior coach present in the technical area will receive the sanction.
A medical team official who commits a sending-off offence may remain if the team has no other medical person available,
and act if a player needs medical attention
acts on the advice of other match officials regarding incidents that the referee has not seen
INJURIES
allows play to continue until the ball is out of play if a player is only slightly injured
stops play if a player is seriously injured and ensures that the player is removed from the field of play.
An injured player may not be treated on the field of play and may only re-enter after play has restarted;
if the ball is in play, re-entry must be from the touchline but if the ball is out of play,
it may be from any boundary line. Exceptions to the requirement to leave the field of play are only when:
a goalkeeper is injured
a goalkeeper and an outfield player have collided and need attention
players from the same team have collided and need attention
a severe injury has occurred
a player is injured as the result of a physical offence for which the opponent is cautioned or sent off
(e.g. reckless or serious foul challenge), if the assessment/treatment is completed quickly
a penalty kick has been awarded and the injured player will be the kicker
ensures that any player bleeding leaves the field of play. The player may only re-enter on receiving a signal from the referee,
who must be satisfied that the bleeding has stopped and there is no blood on the equipment
if the referee has authorised the doctors and /or stretcher bearers to enter the field of play, the player must leave on a stretcher or on foot.
A player who does not comply, must be cautioned for unsporting behaviour
if the referee has decided to caution or send off a player who is injured and has to leave the field of play for treatment,
the card must be shown before the player leaves
if play has not been stopped for another reason, or if an injury suffered by a player is not the result of an offence,
play is restarted with a dropped ball
OUTSIDE INTERFERENCE
stops, suspends or abandons the match for any offences or because of outside interference e.g. if:
the floodlights are inadequate
an object thrown by a spectator hits a match official, a player or team official, the referee may allow the match to
continue, or stop, suspend or abandon it depending on the severity of the incident
a spectator blows a whistle which interferes with play - play is stopped and restarted with a dropped ball
an extra ball, other object or animal enters the field of play during the match, the referee must:
stop play (and restart with a dropped ball) only if it interferes with play unless the ball is going into the goal and the interference
does not prevent a defending player playing the ball, the goal is awarded if the ball enters the goal
(even if contact was made with the ball) unless unless the interference was by the attacking team
allow play to continue if it does not interfere with play and have it removed at the earliest possible opportunity
allows no unauthorised persons to enter the field of play
4. Video assistant referee (VAR)
The use of video assistant referees (VARs) is only permitted where the match/competition organiser has fulfilled all
Implementation Assistance and Approval Programme (IAAP) requirements as set out in FIFA's IAAP documents,
and has received written permission from FIFA.
The referee may be assisted by a video assistant referee (VAR) only in the event of a
'clear and obvious error' or 'serious missed incident' in relation to:
goal/no goal
penalty/no penalty
direct red card (not second caution)
mistaken identity when the referee cautions or sends off the wrong player of the offending team
The assistance from the video assistant referee (VAR) will relate to using replay(s) of the incident.
The referee will make the final decision which may be based solely on the information from the
VAR and/or the referee reviewing the replay footage directly ('on-field review').
Except for a 'serious missed incident' the referee (and where relevant other 'on-field', match officials) must always make a decision
(including a decision not to penalise a potential offence); this decision does not change unless it is a 'clear and obvious error'.
REVIEWS AFTER PLAY HAS RESTARTED
If play has stopped and restarted, the referee may only undertake a 'review', and take the appropriate disciplinary sanction,
for mistaken identity or for a potential sending off offence relating to violent conduct, spitting,
biting or extremely offensive, insulting and/or abusive action(s).
5. Referee's Equipment
COMPULSORY EQUIPMENT
Whistle(s)
Watch(es)
Red and yellow cards
Notebook (or other means of keeping a record of the match)
OTHER EQUIPMENT
Referees may be permitted to use:
Equipment for communicating with other match officials – buzzer/bleep flags, headsets etc.
EPTS or other fitness monitoring equipment
Referees and other 'on-field' match officials are prohibited from wearing jewellery or electronic equipment, including cameras.
6. Referee signals
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7. Liability of Match Officials
A referee or other match official is not held liable for:
any kind of injury suffered by a player, official or spectator
any damage to property of any kind
any other loss suffered by any individual, club, company, association or other body,
which is due or which may be due to any decision taken under the terms of the Laws of the Game
or in respect of the normal procedures required to hold, play and control a match.
Such decisions may include a decision:
that the condition of the field of play or its surrounds or that the weather conditions are such as to
allow or not to allow a match to take place
to abandon a match for whatever reason
as to the suitability of the field equipment and ball used during a match
to stop or not to stop a match due to spectator interference or any problem in spectator areas
to stop or not to stop play to allow an injured player to be removed from the field of play for treatment
to require an injured player to be removed from the field of play for treatment
to allow or not to allow a player to wear certain clothing or equipment
where the referee has the authority, to allow or not to allow any persons (including team or stadium officials,
security officers, photographers or other media representatives) to be present in the vicinity of the field of play
any other decision taken in accordance with the Laws of the Game or in conformity with their duties under the terms of FIFA,
confederation, national football association or competition rules or regulations under which the match is played.
7
« on: January 31, 2025, 12:09:14 am »
THE OTHER MATCH OFFICIALS
Other match officials (two assistant referees, a fourth official, two additional assistant referees, a reserve assistant referee,
a video assistant referee (VAR) and at least one assistant VAR (AVAR)) may be appointed to matches.
They will assist the referee in controlling the match in accordance with the Laws of the Game but the final decision will always be taken by the referee.
The referee, assistant referees, fourth official, additional assistant referees and reserve assistant referee are the 'on-field' match officials.
The VAR and AVAR are the ‘video’ match officials (VMOs) and assist the referee in accordance with the Laws of the Game and the VAR protocol.
The match officials operate under the direction of the referee. In the event of undue interference or improper conduct,
the referee will relieve them of their duties and make a report to the appropriate authorities.
The other 'on-field' match officials assist the referee with offences when they have a clearer view than the referee
and they must submit a report to the appropriate authorities on any serious misconduct or other incident that
occurred out of the view of the referee and the other match officials.
They must advise the referee and other match officials of any report being made.
The 'on-field' match officials assist the referee with inspecting the field of play, the balls and players’ equipment
(including if problems have been resolved) and maintaining records of time, goals, misconduct etc.
Competition rules must state clearly who replaces a match official who is unable to start or continue and any associated changes.
In particular, it must be clear whether, if the referee is unable to start or continue, the fourth official or
the senior assistant referee or senior additional assistant referee takes over
1. Assistant referees
They indicate when:
the whole of the ball leaves the field of play and which team is entitled to a corner kick, goal kick or throw-in
a player in an offside position may be penalised
a substitution is requested
at penalty kicks, the goalkeeper moves off the goal line before the ball is kicked and if the ball crosses the line;
if additional assistant referees have been appointed the assistant referee takes a position in line with the penalty mark
The assistant referee’s assistance also includes monitoring the substitution procedure.
The assistant referee may enter the field of play to help control the 9.15m (10 yards) distance.
2. Fourth official
The fourth official’s assistance also includes:
supervising the substitution procedure
checking a player’s/substitute’s equipment
the re-entry of a player following a signal/approval from the referee
supervising the replacement balls
indicating the minimum amount of additional time the referee intends to play at the end of each half (including extra time)
informing the referee of irresponsible behaviour by any technical area occupant.
3. Additional assistant referees
The additional assistant referees may indicate:
when the whole of the ball passes over the goal line, including when a goal is scored
which team is entitled to a corner kick or goal kick
whether, at penalty kicks, the goalkeeper moves off the goal line before the ball is kicked and if the ball crosses the line
4. Reserve assistant referee
A reserve assistant referee may replace an assistant referee, fourth official or additional assistant referee who
is unable to continue, and may also assist the referee in the same way as the other ‘on-field’ match officials.
5. Video match officials
A video assistant referee (VAR) is a match official who may assist the referee to make a decision using replay footage only
for a 'clear and obvious error' or 'serious missed incident' relating to a goal/no goal, penalty/no penalty, direct red card (not a second caution)
or a case of mistaken identity when the referee cautions or sends off the wrong player of the offending team
An assistant video assistant referee (AVAR) is a match official who helps the VAR primarily by:
watching the television footage while the VAR is busy with a 'check' or a 'review'
keeping a record of VAR-related incidents and any communication or technology problems
assisting the VAR's communication with the referee, especially communicating with the referee when the
VAR is undertaking a 'check'/'review' e.g. to tell the referee to 'stop play' or 'delay the restart' etc.
recording time 'lost' when play is delayed for a 'check' or a 'review'
communicating information about a VAR-related decision to relevant parties
Assistant referee signals
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8
« on: January 31, 2025, 12:00:41 am »
THE DURATION OF THE MATCH
1. Periods of play
A match lasts for two equal halves of 45 minutes which may only be reduced if agreed between the referee
and the two teams before the start of the match and is in accordance with competition rules.
2. Half-time interval
Players are entitled to an interval at half-time, not exceeding 15 minutes; a short drinks break
(which should not exceed one minute) is permitted at the interval of half-time in extra time.
Competition rules must state the duration of the half-time interval and it may be altered only with the referee’s permission.
3. Allowance for time lost
Allowance is made by the referee in each half for all playing time lost in that half through:
substitutions
assessment and/or removal of injured players
wasting time
disciplinary sanctions
medical stoppages permitted by competition rules e.g. ‘drinks’ breaks (which should not exceed one minute)
and ‘cooling’ breaks (ninety seconds to three minutes)
delays relating to VAR 'checks' and 'reviews'
goal celebrations
any other cause, including any significant delay to a restart (e.g. due to interference by an outside agent)
The fourth official indicates the minimum additional time decided by the referee at the end of the final minute of each half.
The additional time may be increased by the referee but not reduced.
The referee must not compensate for a timekeeping error during the first half by changing the length of the second half.
4. Penalty kick
If a penalty kick has to be taken or retaken, the half is extended until the penalty kick is completed.
5. Abandoned match
An abandoned match is replayed unless the competition rules or organisers determine otherwise.
9
« on: January 30, 2025, 11:56:42 pm »
START AND RE-START OF PLAY
A kick-off starts both halves of a match, both halves of extra time and restarts play after a goal has been scored.
Free kicks (direct or indirect), penalty kicks, throw-ins, goal kicks and corner kicks are other restarts (see Laws 13 – 17).
A dropped ball is the restart when the referee stops play and the Law does not require one of the above restarts.
If an offence occurs when the ball is not in play this does not change how play is restarted.
1. Kick off
PROCEDURE
the referee tosses a coin and the team that wins the toss decides which goal to attack in the first half or to take the kick-off
depending on the above, their opponents take the kick-off or decide which goal to attack in the first half
the team that decided which goal to attack in the first half takes the kick-off to start the second half
for the second half, the teams change ends and attack the opposite goals
after a team scores a goal, the kick-off is taken by their opponents
For every kick-off:
all players, except the player taking the kick off, must be in their own half of the field of play
the opponents of the team taking the kick-off must be at least 9.15 m (10 yds) from the ball until it is in play
the ball must be stationary on the centre mark
the referee gives a signal
the ball is in play when it is kicked and clearly moves
a goal may be scored directly against the opponents from the kick-off; if the ball directly enters the kicker's goal,
a corner kick is awarded to the opponents
OFFENCES AND SANCTIONS
If the player taking the kick-off touches the ball again before it has touched another player an indirect free kick,
or for a handball offence, a direct free kick is awarded.
In the event of any other infringement of the kick-off procedure the kick-off is retaken.
2. Dropped ball
PROCEDURE
The ball is dropped for the defending team goalkeeper in their penalty area if, when play was stopped:
the ball was in the penalty area or
the last touch of the ball was in the penalty area
In all other cases, the referee drops the ball for one player of the team that last touched the ball at the position where
it last touched a player, an outside agent or, as outlined in Law 9.1, a match official
All other players (of both teams) must remain at least 4 m (4.5 yds) from the ball until it is in play
The ball is in play when it touches the ground.
OFFENCES AND SANCTIONS
The ball is dropped again if it:
touches a player before it touches the ground
leaves the field of play after it touches the ground, without touching a player
If a dropped ball enters the goal without touching at least two players play is restarted with:
a goal kick if it enters the opponents’ goal
a corner kick if it enters the team’s goal
10
« on: January 30, 2025, 11:50:32 pm »
BALL IN AND OUT OF PLAY
1. Ball out of play
The ball is out of play when:
it has wholly passed over the goal line or touchline on the ground or in the air
play has been stopped by the referee
it touches a match official, remains on the field of play and:
a team starts a promising attack or
the ball goes directly into the goal or
the team in possession of the ball changes
In all these cases, play is restarted with a dropped ball.
2. Ball in play
The ball is in play at all other times when it touches a match official and when it rebounds off a goalpost,
crossbar or corner flagpost and remains on the field of play.
11
« on: January 30, 2025, 11:46:43 pm »
DETERMINING THE OUTCOME OF THE MATCH
1. Goal scored
A goal is scored when the whole of the ball passes over the goal line, between the goalposts and under the crossbar,
provided that no offence has been committed by the team scoring the goal.
If the goalkeeper throws the ball directly into the opponents’ goal, a goal kick is awarded.
If a referee signals a goal before the ball has passed wholly over the goal line, play is restarted with a dropped ball.
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2. Winning team
The team scoring the greater number of goals is the winner.
If both teams score no goals or an equal number of goals the match is drawn.
When competition rules require a winning team after a drawn match or home-and-away tie,
the only permitted procedures to determine the winning team are:
away goals rule
two equal periods of extra time not exceeding 15 minutes each
penalties (penalty shoot-out)
A combination of the above procedures may be used
3. Penalties (penalty shoot-out)
Penalties (penalty shoot-out) are taken after the match has ended and unless otherwise stated, the relevant Laws of the Game apply.
A player who has been sent off during the match is not permitted to take part;
warnings and cautions issued to players and team officials during the match are not carried forward into penalties (penalty shoot-out).
PROCEDURE
BEFORE PENALTIES (PENALTY SHOOT-OUT) START
Unless there are other considerations (e.g. ground conditions, safety etc.),
the referee tosses a coin to decide the goal at which the kicks will be taken which may only be
changed for safety reasons or if the goal or playing surface becomes unusable
The referee tosses a coin again and the team that wins the toss decides whether to take the first or second kick
With the exception of a substitute for a goalkeeper who is unable to continue, only players who are on the field of play
or are temporarily off the field of play (injury, adjusting equipment etc.) at the end of the match are eligible to take kicks
Each team is responsible for selecting from the eligible players the order in which they will take the kicks.
The referee is not informed of the order
If at the end of the match and before or during the kicks one team has a greater number of players than its opponents,
it must reduce its numbers to the same number as its opponents and the referee must be informed of the name and number of each player excluded.
Any excluded player is not eligible to take part in the kicks (except as outlined below)
A goalkeeper who is unable to continue before or during the kicks may be replaced by a player excluded to equalise
the number of players or, if their team has not used its maximum permitted number of substitutes,
a named substitute, but the replaced goalkeeper takes no further part and may not take a kick
If a goalkeeper has already taken a kick, the replacement may not take a kick until the next round of kicks
DURING PENALTIES (PENALTY SHOOT-OUT)
Only eligible players and match officials are permitted to remain on the field of play
All eligible players, except the player taking the kick and the two goalkeepers, must remain within the centre circle
The goalkeeper of the kicker must remain on the field of play, outside the penalty area,
on the goal line where it meets the penalty area boundary line
An eligible player may change places with the goalkeeper
The kick is completed when the ball stops moving, goes out of play or the referee stops play for any offence;
the kicker may not play the ball a second time
The referee keeps a record of the kicks
If the goalkeeper commits an offence and, as a result, the kick is retaken,
the goalkeeper is warned for the first offence and cautioned for any subsequent offence(s)
If the kicker is penalised for an offence committed after the referee has signalled for the kick to be taken,
that kick is recorded as missed and the kicker is cautioned
If both the goalkeeper and the kicker commit an offence at the same time, the kick is recorded as missed and the kicker cautioned
SUBJECT TO THE CONDITIONS EXPLAINED BELOW, BOTH TEAMS TAKE FIVE KICKS
The kicks are taken alternately by the teams
Each kick is taken by a different player, and all eligible players must take a kick before any player can take a second kick
If, before both teams have taken five kicks, one has scored more goals than the other could score,
even if it were to complete its five kicks, no more kicks are taken
If, after both teams have taken five kicks, the scores are level,
kicks continue until one team has scored a goal more than the other from the same number of kicks
The above principle continues for any subsequent sequence of kicks but a team may change the order of kickers
Penalties (penalty shoot-out) must not be delayed for a player who leaves the field of play.
The player’s kick will be forfeited (not scored) if the player does not return in time to take a kick
SUBSTITUTIONS AND SENDING-OFFS DURING PENALTIES (PENALTY SHOOT-OUT)
A player, substitute, substituted player or team official may be cautioned or sent off
A goalkeeper who is sent off must be replaced by an eligible player
A player other than the goalkeeper who is unable to continue may not be replaced
The referee must not abandon the match if a team is reduced to fewer than seven players
12
« on: January 30, 2025, 11:34:48 pm »
OFFSIDE
1. Offside position
It is not an offence to be in an offside position.
A player is in an offside position if:
any part of the head, body or feet is in the opponents’ half (excluding the halfway line) and
any part of the head, body or feet is nearer to the opponents’ goal line than both the ball and the second-last opponent
The hands and arms of all players, including the goalkeepers, are not considered.
For the purposes of determining offside, the upper boundary of the arm is in line with the bottom of the armpit.
A player is not in an offside position if level with the:
second-last opponent or
last two opponents
2. Offside offence
A player in an offside position at the moment the ball is played or touched* by a team-mate is only
penalised on becoming involved in active play by:
interfering with play by playing or touching a ball passed or touched by a team-mate or
interfering with an opponent by:
preventing an opponent from playing or being able to play the ball by clearly obstructing the opponent’s line of vision or
challenging an opponent for the ball or
clearly attempting to play a ball which is close when this action impacts on an opponent or
making an obvious action which clearly impacts on the ability of an opponent to play the ball
*The first point of contact of the 'play' or 'touch' of the ball should be used
or
gaining an advantage by playing the ball or interfering with an opponent when it has:
rebounded or been deflected off the goalpost, crossbar or an opponent
been deliberately saved by any opponent
A player in an offside position receiving the ball from an opponent who deliberately played* the ball, including by
deliberate handball, is not considered to have gained an advantage, unless it was a deliberate save by any opponent.
*‘Deliberate play’ (excluding deliberate handball) is when a player has control of the ball with the possibility of:
passing the ball to a team-mate;
gaining possession of the ball; or
clearing the ball (e.g. by kicking or heading it)
If the pass, attempt to gain possession or clearance by the player in control of the ball is inaccurate or unsuccessful,
this does not negate the fact that the player ‘deliberately played’ the ball.
The following criteria should be used, as appropriate, as indicators that a player was in control of the ball and,
as a result, can be considered to have ‘deliberately played’ the ball:
The ball travelled from distance and the player had a clear view of it
The ball was not moving quickly
The direction of the ball was not unexpected
The player had time to coordinate their body movement,
i.e. it was not a case of instinctive stretching or jumping, or a movement that achieved limited
contact/control
A ball moving on the ground is easier to play than a ball in the air
A ‘save’ is when a player stops, or attempts to stop, a ball which is going into or very close to the goal
with any part of the body except the hands/arms (unless the goalkeeper within the penalty area).
In situations where:
a player moving from, or standing in, an offside position is in the way of an opponent and interferes with
the movement of the opponent towards the ball this is an offside offence if it impacts on the ability of the opponent to play
or challenge for the ball; if the player moves into the way of an opponent and impedes the opponent's progress
(e.g blocks the opponent) the offence should be penalised under Law 12
a player in an offside position is moving towards the ball with the intention of playing the ball and is fouled before
playing or attempting to play the ball, or challenging an opponent for the ball, the foul is
penalised as it has occurred before the offside offence
an offence is committed against a player in an offside position who is already playing or attempting to play the ball,
or challenging an opponent for the ball, the offside offence is penalised as it has occurred before the foul challenge
3. No offence
There is no offside offence if a player receives the ball directly from:
a goal kick
a throw-in
a corner kick
4. Offences and sanctions
If an offside offence occurs, the referee awards an indirect free kick where the offence occurred,
including if it is in the player’s own half of the field of play.
A defending player who leaves the field of play without the referee’s permission shall be considered to be on the goal line
or touchline for the purposes of offside until the next stoppage in play or until the defending team has played
the ball towards the halfway line and it is outside its penalty area.
If the player left the field of play deliberately, the player must be cautioned when the ball is next out of play.
An attacking player may step or stay off the field of play not to be involved in active play.
If the player re-enters from the goal line and becomes involved in play before the next stoppage in play,
or the defending team has played the ball towards the halfway line and it is outside its penalty area,
the player shall be considered to be positioned on the goal line for the purposes of offside.
A player who deliberately leaves the field of play and re-enters without the referee’s permission
and is not penalised for offside and gains an advantage, must be cautioned.
If an attacking player remains stationary between the goalposts and inside the goal as the ball enters the goal,
a goal must be awarded unless the player commits an offside offence or Law 12 offence in which case
play is restarted with an indirect or direct free kick.
13
« on: January 30, 2025, 11:10:04 pm »
FOULS AND MISCONDUCT
Direct and indirect free kicks and penalty kicks can only be awarded for offences committed when the ball is in play.
1. Direct free kick
A direct free kick is awarded if a player commits any of the following offences against an opponent
in a manner considered by the referee to be careless, reckless or using excessive force:
charges
jumps at
kicks or attempts to kick
pushes
strikes or attempts to strike (including head-butt)
tackles or challenges
trips or attempts to trip
If an offence involves contact it is penalised by a direct free kick or penalty kick.
Careless is when a player shows a lack of attention or consideration when making a challenge or acts without precaution. No disciplinary sanction is needed
Reckless is when a player acts with disregard to the danger to, or consequences for, an opponent and must be cautioned
Using excessive force is when a player exceeds the necessary use of force and endangers the safety of an opponent and must be sent off
A direct free kick is awarded if a player commits any of the following offences:
a handball offence (except for the goalkeeper within their penalty area)
holds an opponent
impedes an opponent with contact
bites or spits at someone on the team lists or a match official
throws an object at the ball, opponent or match official, or makes contact with the ball with a held object
See also offences in Law 3
HANDLING THE BALL
For the purposes of determining handball offences, the upper boundary of the arm is in line with the bottom of the armpit. Not every touch of a player’s hand/arm with the ball is an offence.
It is an offence if a player:
deliberately touches the ball with their hand/arm, for example moving the hand/arm towards the ball
touches the ball with their hand/arm when it has made their body unnaturally bigger.
A player is considered to have made their body unnaturally bigger when the position of their hand/arm is not a
consequence of, or justifiable by, the player’s body movement for that specific situation. By having their hand/arm in such
a position, the player takes a risk of their hand/arm being hit by the ball and being penalised
scores in the opponents' goal:
directly from their hand/arm, even if accidental, including by the goalkeeper
immediately after the ball has touched their hand/arm, even if accidental
The goalkeeper has the same restrictions on handling the ball as any other player outside the penalty area.
If the goalkeeper handles the ball inside their penalty area when not permitted to do so,
an indirect free kick is awarded but there is no disciplinary sanction.
However, if the offence is playing the ball a second time (with or without the hand/arm) after a restart before it touches another player,
the goalkeeper must be sanctioned if the offence stops a promising attack or denies an opponent
or the opposing team a goal or an obvious goal-scoring opportunity.
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2. Indirect Free Kick
An indirect free kick is awarded if a player:
plays in a dangerous manner
impedes the progress of an opponent without any contact being made
is guilty of dissent, using offensive, insulting or abusive language and/or action(s) or other verbal offences
prevents the goalkeeper from releasing the ball from the hands or kicks or attempts to kick
the ball when the goalkeeper is in the process of releasing it
initiates a deliberate trick for the ball to be passed (including from a free kick or goal kick) to the goalkeeper with the head, chest, knee etc.
to circumvent the Law, whether or not the goalkeeper touches the ball with the hands;
the goalkeeper is penalised if responsible for initiating the deliberate trick
commits any other offence, not mentioned in the Laws, for which play is stopped to caution or send off a player
An indirect free kick is awarded if a goalkeeper, inside their penalty area, commits any of the following offences:
controls the ball with the hand/arm for more than six seconds before releasing it
touches the ball with the hand/arm after releasing it and before it has touched another player
touches the ball with the hand/arm, unless the goalkeeper has clearly kicked or attempted to kick the ball to release it into play, after:
it has been deliberately kicked to the goalkeeper by a team-mate
receiving it directly from a throw-in taken by a team-mate
A goalkeeper is considered to be in control of the ball with the hand(s) when:
the ball is between the hands or between the hand and any surface (e.g. ground, own body) or by touching it with any part
of the hands or arms except if the ball rebounds from the goalkeeper or the goalkeeper has made a save
holding the ball in the outstretched open hand
bouncing it on the ground or throwing it in the air
A goalkeeper cannot be challenged by an opponent when in control of the ball with the hand(s).
PLAYING IN A DANGEROUS MANNER
Playing in a dangerous manner is any action that, while trying to play the ball, threatens injury to someone (including the player themself)
and includes preventing a nearby opponent from playing the ball for fear of injury.
A scissors or bicycle kick is permissible provided that it is not dangerous to an opponent.
IMPEDING THE PROGRESS OF AN OPPONENT WITHOUT CONTACT
Impeding the progress of an opponent means moving into the opponent’s path to obstruct, block, slow down or
force a change of direction when the ball is not within playing distance of either player.
All players have a right to their position on the field of play;
being in the way of an opponent is not the same as moving into the way of an opponent.
A player may shield the ball by taking a position between an opponent and the ball if the ball is within playing distance
and the opponent is not held off with the arms or body.
If the ball is within playing distance, the player may be fairly charged by an opponent.
3. Disciplinary action
The referee has the authority to take disciplinary action from entering the field of play for the pre-match inspection
until leaving the field of play after the match ends (including penalties (penalty shoot-out)).
If, before entering the field of play at the start of the match, a player or team official commits a sending-off offence,
the referee has the authority to prevent the player or team official taking part in the match (see Law 3.6);
the referee will report any other misconduct.
A player or team official who commits a cautionable or sending-off offence, either on or off the field of play, against an opponent, a team-mate,
a match official or any other person or the Laws of the Game, is disciplined according to the offence.
The yellow card communicates a caution and the red card communicates a sending-off.
Only a player, substitute or substituted player or team official may be shown the red or yellow card.
Players, substitutes and substituted players
Delaying the restart of play to show a card
Once the referee has decided to caution or send off a player, play must not be restarted until the sanction has been administered,
unless the non-offending team takes a quick free kick, has a clear goal-scoring opportunity and the referee has not started the disciplinary sanction procedure.
The sanction is administered at the next stoppage;
if the offence was denying the opposing team an obvious goal-scoring opportunity, the player is cautioned;
if the offence interfered with or stopped a promising attack, the player is not cautioned.
Advantage
If the referee plays the advantage for an offence for which a caution/sending-off would have been issued had play been stopped,
this caution/sending-off must be issued when the ball is next out of play.
However, if the offence was denying the opposing team an obvious goal-scoring opportunity, the player is cautioned for unsporting behaviour;
if the offence was interfering with or stopping a promising attack, the player is not cautioned.
Advantage should not be applied in situations involving serious foul play, violent conduct or a
second cautionable offence unless there is a clear opportunity to score a goal.
The referee must send off the player when the ball is next out of play but if the player plays the ball or challenges/interferes
with an opponent, the referee will stop play, send off the player and restart with an indirect free kick,
unless the player committed a more serious offence.
If a defender starts holding an attacker outside the penalty area and continues holding inside the penalty area,
the referee must award a penalty kick.
CAUTIONABLE OFFENCES
A player is cautioned if guilty of:
delaying the restart of play
dissent by word or action
entering, re-entering or deliberately leaving the field of play without the referee’s permission
failing to respect the required distance when play is restarted with a dropped ball, corner kick, free kick or throw-in
persistent offences (no specific number or pattern of offences constitutes “persistent”)
unsporting behaviour
entering the referee review area (RRA)
excessively using the 'review' (TV screen) signal
A substitute or substituted player is cautioned if guilty of:
delaying the restart of play
dissent by word or action
entering or re-entering the field of play without the referee’s permission
unsporting behaviour
entering the referee review area (RRA)
excessively using the 'review' (TV screen) signal
Where two separate cautionable offences are committed (even in close proximity), they should result in two cautions,
for example if a player enters the field of play without the required permission and commits a reckless tackle
or stops a promising attack with a foul/handball, etc.
CAUTIONS FOR UNSPORTING BEHAVIOUR
There are different circumstances when a player must be cautioned for unsporting behaviour including if a player:
attempts to deceive the referee e.g. by feigning injury or pretending to have been fouled (simulation)
changes places with the goalkeeper during play or without the referee’s permission (see Law 3)
commits in a reckless manner a direct free kick offence
handles the ball to interfere with or stop a promising attack, except where the referee awards a
penalty kick for a non-deliberate handball offence
denies the opposing team a goal or an obvious goal-scoring opportunity and the referee awards a
penalty kick for a non-deliberate handball offence
commits any other offence which interferes with or stops a promising attack except where the referee awards a
penalty kick for an offence which was an attempt to play the ball or for a challenge for the ball
denies an opponent an obvious goal-scoring opportunity by committing an offence which was an attempt
to play the ball or challenge for the ball and the referee awards a penalty kick
handles the ball in an attempt to score a goal (whether or not the attempt is successful)
or in an unsuccessful attempt to prevent a goal
makes unauthorised marks on the field of play
plays the ball when leaving the field of play after being given permission to leave
shows a lack of respect for the game
initiates a deliberate trick for the ball to be passed (including from a free kick or goal kick) to the goalkeeper with the head,
chest, knee etc. to circumvent the Law, whether or not the goalkeeper touches the ball with the hands;
the goalkeeper is cautioned if responsible for initiating the deliberate trick
verbally distracts an opponent during play or at a restart
CELEBRATION OF A GOAL
Players can celebrate when a goal is scored, but the celebration must not be excessive;
choreographed celebrations are not encouraged and must not cause excessive time-wasting.
Leaving the field of play to celebrate a goal is not a cautionable offence but players should return as soon as possible.
A player must be cautioned, even if the goal is disallowed, for:
climbing onto a perimeter fence and/or approaching the spectators in a manner which causes safety and/or security issues
gesturing or acting in a provocative, derisory or inflammatory way
covering the head or face with a mask or other similar item
removing the shirt or covering the head with the shirt
DELAYING THE RESTART OF PLAY
Referees must caution players who delay the restart of play by:
appearing to take a throw-in but suddenly leaving it to a team-mate to take
delaying leaving the field of play when being substituted
excessively delaying a restart
kicking or carrying the ball away, or provoking a confrontation by deliberately touching the ball after the referee has stopped play
taking a free kick from the wrong position to force a retake
SENDING-OFF OFFENCES
A player, substitute or substituted player who commits any of the following offences is sent off:
denying the opposing team a goal or an obvious goal-scoring opportunity by committing a deliberate
handball offence (except a goalkeeper within their penalty area)
denying the opposing team a goal or an obvious goal-scoring opportunity by committing a non-deliberate
handball offence outside their own penalty area
denying a goal or an obvious goal-scoring opportunity to an opponent whose overall movement is towards
the offender's goal by an offence punishable by a free kick (unless as outlined below)
serious foul play
biting or spitting at someone
violent conduct
using offensive, insulting or abusive language and/or action(s)
receiving a second caution in the same match
entering the video operation room (VOR)
A player, substitute or substituted player who has been sent off must leave the vicinity of the field of play and the technical area.
DENYING A GOAL OR AN OBVIOUS GOAL-SCORING OPPORTUNITY (DOGSO)
Where a player commits an offence against an opponent within their own penalty area which denies an opponent
an obvious goal-scoring opportunity and the referee awards a penalty kick,
the offender is cautioned if the offence was an attempt to play the ball or a challenge for the ball;
in all other circumstances (e.g. holding, pulling, pushing, no possibility to play the ball etc.), the offending player must be sent off.
Where a player denies the opposing team a goal or an obvious goal-scoring opportunity by committing a deliberate
handball offence, the player is sent off wherever the offence occurs (except a goalkeeper within their penalty area).
Where a player denies the opposing team a goal or an obvious goal-scoring opportunity by committing a non-deliberate
handball offence and the referee awards a penalty kick, the offender is cautioned.
A player, sent-off player, substitute or substituted player who enters the field of play without the required referee's
permission and interferes with play or an opponent and denies the opposing team a goal or an obvious
goal-scoring opportunity is guilty of a sending-off offence.
The following must be considered:
distance between the offence and the goal
general direction of the play
likelihood of keeping or gaining control of the ball
location and number of defenders
SERIOUS FOUL PLAY
A tackle or challenge that endangers the safety of an opponent or uses excessive force or brutality must be sanctioned as serious foul play.
Any player who lunges at an opponent in challenging for the ball from the front, from the side or from behind
using one or both legs, with excessive force or endangers the safety of an opponent is guilty of serious foul play.
VIOLENT CONDUCT
Violent conduct is when a player uses or attempts to use excessive force or brutality against an opponent when not
challenging for the ball, or against a team-mate, team official, match official, spectator or any other person,
regardless of whether contact is made.
In addition, a player who, when not challenging for the ball, deliberately strikes an opponent or any other person
on the head or face with the hand or arm, is guilty of violent conduct unless the force used was negligible.
Team Officials
Where an offence is committed by someone from the technical area (substitute, substituted player, sent-off player or team official)
and the offender cannot be identified, the senior team coach present in the technical area will receive the sanction.
WARNING
The following offences should usually result in a warning; repeated or blatant offences should result in a caution or sending-off:
entering the field of play in a respectful/non-confrontational manner
failing to cooperate with a match official e.g. ignoring an instruction/request from an assistant referee or the fourth official
minor/low-level disagreement (by word or action) with a decision
occasionally leaving the confines of the technical area without committing another offence
CAUTION
Caution offences include (but are not limited to):
clearly/persistently not respecting the confines of their team’s technical area
delaying the restart of play by their team
deliberately entering the technical area of the opposing team (non-confrontational)
dissent by word or action including:
throwing/kicking drinks bottles or other objects
action(s) which show(s) a clear lack of respect for the match official(s) e.g.sarcastic clapping
entering the referee review area (RRA)
excessively/persistently gesturing for a red or yellow card
excessively showing the TV signal for a VAR ‘review’
gesturing or acting in a provocative or inflammatory manner
persistent unacceptable behaviour (including repeated warning offences)
showing a lack of respect for the game
SENDING OFF
Sending-off offences include (but are not limited to):
delaying the restart of play by the opposing team e.g. holding onto the ball, kicking the ball away,
obstructing the movement of a player
deliberately leaving the technical area to:
show dissent towards, or remonstrate with, a match official
act in a provocative or inflammatory manner
enter the opposing technical area in an aggressive or confrontational manner
deliberately throwing/kicking an object onto the field of play
entering the field of play to:
confront a match official (including at half-time and full-time)
interfere with play, an opposing player or a match official
entering the video operation room (VOR)
physical or aggressive behaviour (including spitting or biting) towards an opposing player, substitute,
team official, match official, spectator or any
other person (e.g. ball boy/girl, security or competition official etc.)
receiving a second caution in the same match
using offensive, insulting or abusive language and/or action(s)
using unauthorised electronic or communication equipment and/or behaving in an inappropriate manner
as a result of using electronic or communication equipment
violent conduct
OFFENCES WHERE AN OBJECT (OR THE BALL) IS THROWN
In all cases, the referee takes the appropriate disciplinary action:
reckless – caution the offender for unsporting behaviour
using excessive force – send off the offender for violent conduct.
4. Restart of play after fouls and misconduct
If the ball is out of play, play is restarted according to the previous decision
If the ball is in play and a player commits a physical offence inside the field of play against:
an opponent – indirect or direct free kick or penalty kick
a team-mate, substitute, substituted or sent-off player, team official or a match official – a direct free kick or penalty kick
All verbal offences are penalised with an indirect free kick.
If the referee stops play for an offence committed by a player, inside or outside the field of play, against an outside agent,
play is restarted with a dropped ball, unless an indirect free kick is awarded for leaving the field of play without the referee's permission;
the indirect free kick is taken from the point on the boundary line where the player left the field of play.
If, when the ball is in play:
a player commits an offence against a match official or an opposing player,
substitute, substituted or sent-off player, or team official outside the field of play or
a substitute, substituted or sent-off player, or team official commits an offence against,
or interferes with, an opposing player or a match official outside the field of play,
play is restarted with a free kick on the boundary line nearest to where the offence/interference occurred;
for direct free kick offences, a penalty kick is awarded if this is a direct free kick offence within the offender's penalty area
If an offence is committed outside the field of play by a player against a player, substitute, substituted player or team official of their own team,
play is restarted with an indirect free kick on the boundary line closest to where the offence occurred.
If a player makes contact with the ball with an object (boot, shinguard etc.) held in the hand play is restarted with a direct free kick (or penalty kick).
If a player who is on or off the field of play throws or kicks an object (other than the match ball) at an opposing player, or throws or kicks
an object (including a ball) at an opposing substitute, substituted or sent-off player, team official, or a match official or the match ball,
play is restarted with a direct free kick from the position where the object struck or would have struck the person or the ball.
If this position is off the field of play, the free kick is taken on the nearest point on the boundary line;
a penalty kick is awarded if this is within the offender’s penalty area.
If a substitute, substituted or sent-off player, player temporarily off the field of play or team official throws or kicks an object
onto the field of play and it interferes with play, an opponent or match official, play is restarted with a direct free kick (or penalty kick)
where the object interfered with play or struck or would have struck the opponent, match official or the ball.
14
« on: January 30, 2025, 09:48:23 pm »
FREE KICKS
1. Types of free kick
Direct and indirect free kicks are awarded to the opposing team of a player,
substitute, substituted or sent-off player, or team official guilty of an offence.
INDIRECT FREE KICK SIGNAL
The referee indicates an indirect free kick by raising the arm above the head;
this signal is maintained until the kick has been taken and the ball touches another player,
goes out of play or it is clear that a goal cannot be scored directly.
An indirect free kick must be retaken if the referee fails to signal
that the kick is indirect and the ball is kicked directly into the goal.
BALL ENTERS THE GOAL
if a direct free kick is kicked directly into the opponents’ goal, a goal is awarded
if an indirect free kick is kicked directly into the opponents’ goal, a goal kick is awarded
if a direct or indirect free kick is kicked directly into the team’s own goal, a corner kick is awarded
2. Procedure
All free kicks are taken from the place where the offence occurred, except:
indirect free kicks to the attacking team for an offence inside the opponents’ goal area are taken
from the nearest point on the goal area line which runs parallel to the goal line
free kicks to the defending team in their goal area may be taken from anywhere in that area
free kicks for offences involving a player entering, re-entering or leaving the field of play without permission
are taken from the position of the ball when play was stopped.
However, if a player commits an offence off the field of play, play is restarted with
a free kick taken on the boundary line nearest to where the offence occurred;
for direct free kick offences a penalty kick is awarded if this is within the offender’s penalty area
where the Law designates another position (see Laws 3, 11, 12)
The ball:
must be stationary and the kicker must not touch the ball again until it has touched another player
is in play when it is kicked and clearly moves
Until the ball is in play all opponents must remain:
at least 9.15 m (10 yds) from the ball, unless they are on their own goal line between the goalposts
outside the penalty area for free kicks inside the opponents’ penalty area
Where three or more defending team players form a ‘wall’, all attacking team players must remain
at least 1 m (1 yd) from the ‘wall’ until the ball is in play.
A free kick can be taken by lifting the ball with a foot or both feet simultaneously.
Feinting to take a free kick to confuse opponents is permitted as part of football.
If a player, while correctly taking a free kick, deliberately kicks the ball at an opponent
in order to play the ball again but not in a careless or reckless manner or using excessive force,
the referee allows play to continue.
3. Offences and sanctions
If, when a free kick is taken, an opponent is closer to the ball than the required distance,
the kick is retaken unless the advantage can be applied;
but if a player takes a free kick quickly and an opponent who is less than 9.15 m (10 yds) from the ball intercepts it,
the referee allows play to continue.
However, an opponent who deliberately prevents a free kick being taken quickly must be cautioned for delaying the restart of play.
If, when a free kick is taken, an attacking team player is less than 1 m (1 yd) from a ‘wall’ formed
by three or more defending team players, an indirect free kick is awarded.
If, when a free kick is taken quickly by the defending team from inside its penalty area,
any opponents are inside the penalty area because they did not have time to leave,
the referee allows play to continue.
If an opponent who is in the penalty area when the free kick is taken, or enters the penalty area before the ball is in play,
touches or challenges for the ball before it is in play, the free kick is retaken.
If, after the ball is in play, the kicker touches the ball again before it has touched
another player an indirect free kick is awarded;
if the kicker commits a handball offence:
a direct free kick is awarded
a penalty kick is awarded if the offence occurred inside the kicker’s penalty area unless
the kicker was the goalkeeper in which case an indirect free kick is awarded
15
« on: January 30, 2025, 09:32:05 pm »
PENALTY KICK
A penalty kick is awarded if a player commits a direct free kick offence inside their penalty area
or off the field as part of play as outlined in Laws 12 and 13.
A goal may be scored directly from a penalty kick.
1. Procedure
The ball must be stationary, with part of the ball touching or overhanging the centre on the penalty mark,
and the goalposts, crossbar and goal net must not be moving.
The player taking the penalty kick must be clearly identified.
The defending goalkeeper must remain on the goal line, facing the kicker, between the goalposts until the ball is kicked.
The goalkeeper must not behave in a way that unfairly distracts the kicker,
e.g. delay the taking of the kick or touch the goalposts, crossbar or goal net.
The players other than the kicker and goalkeeper must be:
at least 9.15 m (10 yds) from the penalty mark
behind the penalty mark
inside the field of play
outside the penalty area
After the players have taken positions in accordance with this Law, the referee signals for the penalty kick to be taken.
The player taking the penalty kick must kick the ball forward; backheeling is permitted provided the ball moves forward.
When the ball is kicked, the defending goalkeeper must have at least part
of one foot touching, in line with, or behind, the goal line.
The ball is in play when it is kicked and clearly moves.
The kicker must not play the ball again until it has touched another player.
The penalty kick is completed when the ball stops moving,
goes out of play or the referee stops play for any offence.
Additional time is allowed for a penalty kick to be taken and completed at the end of each half of the match or extra time.
When additional time is allowed, the penalty kick is completed when, after the kick has been taken,
the ball stops moving, goes out of play, is played by any player (including the kicker) other than the defending goalkeeper,
or the referee stops play for an offence by the kicker or the kicker's team.
If a defending team player (including the goalkeeper) commits an offence and the penalty is missed/saved, the penalty is retaken.
2. Offences and sanctions
Once the referee has signalled for a penalty kick to be taken, the kick must be taken;
if it is not taken the referee may take disciplinary action before signalling again for the kick to be taken.
If, before the ball is in play, one of the following occurs:
a team-mate of the player taking the penalty kick is penalised for encroachment only if:
the encroachment clearly impacted on the goalkeeper; or
the encroaching player plays the ball or challenges an opponent for the ball and then scores,
attempts to score or creates a goal-scoring opportunity
a team-mate of the goalkeeper is penalised for encroachment only if:
the encroachment clearly impacted on the kicker; or
the encroaching player plays the ball or challenges an opponent for the ball and this prevents the opponents from scoring,
attempting to score or creating a goal-scoring opportunity
the player taking the penalty kick or a team-mate offends:
if the ball enters the goal, the kick is retaken
if the ball does not enter the goal, the referee stops play and restarts with an indirect free kick
except for the following when play will be stopped and restarted with an indirect free kick, regardless of whether or not a goal is scored:
a penalty kick is kicked backwards
a team-mate of the identified kicker takes the kick; the referee cautions the player who took the kick
feinting to kick the ball once the kicker has completed the run-up (feinting in the run-up is permitted); the referee cautions the kicker
the goalkeeper offends:
if the ball enters the goal, a goal is awarded
if the ball misses the goal or rebounds from the crossbar or goalpost(s),
the kick is only retaken if the goalkeeper’s offence clearly impacted on the kicker
if the ball is prevented from entering the goal by the goalkeeper, the kick is retaken
If the goalkeeper’s offence results in the kick being retaken, the goalkeeper is warned for the first offence
in the game and cautioned for any subsequent offence(s) in the game
a team-mate of the goalkeeper offends:
if the ball enters the goal, a goal is awarded
if the ball does not enter the goal, the kick is retaken
a player of both teams offends, the kick is retaken unless a player commits a more serious offence (e.g. 'illegal' feinting);
both the goalkeeper and the kicker commit an offence at the same time, the kicker is cautioned
and play restarts with an indirect free kick to the defending team
If, after the penalty kick has been taken:
the kicker touches the ball again before it has touched another player:
an indirect free kick (or direct free kick for a handball offence) is awarded
the ball is touched by an outside agent as it moves forward:
the kick is retaken unless the ball is going into the goal and the interference does not prevent the goalkeeper
or defending player playing the ball, in which case the goal is awarded if the ball enters the goal
(even if contact was made with the ball) unless the interference was by the attacking team.
the ball rebounds into the field of play from the goalkeeper, the crossbar or the goalposts and is then touched by an outside agent:
the referee stops play
play is restarted with a dropped ball at the position where it touched the outside agent
Summary table
[ Guests cannot view attachments ]
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3rd party timing and clock stopping [WANTED]
by Dazoctaron
January 31, 2025, 03:34:33 pm
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Law 1: The Field of Play
by Dazoctaron
January 31, 2025, 03:14:55 pm
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Law 2: The Ball
by Dazoctaron
January 31, 2025, 03:12:23 pm
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Law 3: The Players
by Dazoctaron
January 31, 2025, 03:09:05 pm
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Law 4: The Players Equipment
by Dazoctaron
January 31, 2025, 12:39:43 am
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Law 5: The Referee
by Dazoctaron
January 31, 2025, 12:26:54 am
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Law 6: The Other Match Officials
by Dazoctaron
January 31, 2025, 12:09:14 am
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Law 7: The Duration of the Match
by Dazoctaron
January 31, 2025, 12:00:41 am
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Law 8: The Start and Re-Start of Play
by Dazoctaron
January 30, 2025, 11:56:42 pm
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Law 9: The Ball In and Out of Play
by Dazoctaron
January 30, 2025, 11:50:32 pm
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